Fountain, where the El Paso fish samples were taken, had to shut down its municipal water supply in 2015 after PFAS was detected, replacing it with supplies from a cleaner Pueblo Reservoir. The city eventually began treating its water sources with PFAS-removing materials supplied by the U.S. Air Force, where much of the firefighting foam runoff originated.
In 2021, The Colorado Sun reported in conjunction with analysis from the nonprofit Public Employees for Environmental Responsibility that the state may have more sites that have stored or handled PFAS than anywhere in the nation.